Effectiveness of nursing interventions on level of anxiety, stress, and depression of elderly patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Authors

  • Raefa Refaat Alam

    faculty of nursing , Mansoura university, Egypt

  • Neamit Ibrahim Elemam Elashri

How to Cite

Refaat Alam, R., & Ibrahim Elemam Elashri, N. (2020). Effectiveness of nursing interventions on level of anxiety, stress, and depression of elderly patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 9(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v9i1.30560

Received date: March 25, 2020

Accepted date: April 19, 2020

Published date: May 7, 2020

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v9i1.30560

Keywords:

Endoscopic Elderly, Nursing Intervention, Anxiety, Stress, and Depression.

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is a widely used procedure in medicine today. It is the diagnosis and treatment of choice among elderly patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders. Thus anxiety, stress, and depression of adverse out-come or side effect and discomfort regarding endoscopy reduce the patient’s acceptance ability. Effective procedure ex-planation and safety measures have positively impact on decrease level of anxiety, stress, and depression and improve elderly patient’s general health condition

 Aim: Evaluate effectiveness of nursing interventions on level of anxiety, stress and depression of elderly patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

 Design: A quasi experimental study design with pre and post procedure was used.

Setting: The study was conducted at Gastrointestinal Surgery Center (GISC) (Endoscopy Unit) Mansoura University

 Subjects: A convenient sample of 76 elderly patients undergoing GIT endoscopy. Data collected over a period of 9 months from first of May 2019 at the end of January 2020.

Tools: Three tools were used: Socio Demographic Characteristics and Clinical Data Structured Interview Schedule, Depression, Anxiety and Stress scales (DASS-21), and Endoscopic Nursing interventions.

Results: The study results revealed that statistically significant improvement in all aspects of elderly patient's anxiety score at pre and post nursing intervention (p<0.001). There were significant improvements of level of stress from pre and post implementation of nursing intervention to endoscopy (p<0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the pre, and posttest mean score of depression (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences regarding all sociodemographic characteristics within the studied subjects and their total mean score of anxiety, stress, and depression.

Conclusion A clear and noticeable improvement in the mean score of anxiety, stress and depression of all studied subject after the implementation of the endoscopic nursing interventions than before.

Recommendation: Replication of this study is highly recommended on a large representative probability sample to achieve generalizable results.

 

Author Biography

  • Raefa Refaat Alam, faculty of nursing , Mansoura university, Egypt
    gerontological nursing

References

  1. [1] Anwar, S. A., Basal, A. A., Selim, M. F., & Al-Metyazidy, H. A. Relation between Knowledge and Anxiety Level of Patients Under-going Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy at Tanta University Hospital.2018. https://doi.org/10.21608/tsnj.2018.71027.

    [2] Arabul M, Kandemir A, M Celik, Alper E, Z Akpinar, Aslan M, Vatansever S. 2012. Impacto de un video de información antes de la colonoscopia en la satisfacción del paciente y la ansiedad. Turk J Gastroenterol, 23: 523-9. https://doi.org/10.4318/tjg.2012.0416.

    [3] Behrouzian, F., Sadrizadeh, N., Nematpour, S., Seyedian, S. S., Nassiryan, M., & Zadeh, A. J. F. (2017). The effect of psychological preparation on the level of anxiety before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 11(7), VC01.†https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/24876.10270.

    [4] Bhosale, T. S., Bhosale, S. B., Zagade, T. B., & Kakade, S. V. (2019). A study to assess effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on gastrointestinal tract assessment among student nurses of tertiary care hospital: a statistical approach. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 7(7), 2764.†https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192915.

    [5] Eberhardt J, Van Wersch A, Van Schaik P, Cann P. Information, social support and anxiety before gastrointestinal endoscopy. British Journal of Health Psychology 2006 Nov;11(4):551-9. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910705X72514.

    [6] Elbashier, I. M., & Ali, K. M. (2019). Effectiveness of Psycho-Educational Program on Psychological Outcomes among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery in Khartoum-2017. Nur Primary Care, 3(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9474.1091.

    [7] Elhy, A. H. A., & Elalem, S. M. A. (2017). Effect of Early Preparation on Anxiety Level Among Patients Undergoing Upper Gas-trointestinal Endoscopy. American Journal of Nursing Science, 6(3), 202.†https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20170603.18.

    [8] Enns, R. A., Hookey, L., Armstrong, D., Bernstein, C. N., Heitman, S. J., Teshima, C., & Sadowski, D. (2017). Clinical practice guidelines for the use of video capsule endoscopy. Gastroenterology, 152(3), 497-514. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.032.

    [9] García Sierra, R., Caballero Sáez, Y., & Mena Sánchez, R. (2013). Anxiety in gastroscopies: Comparison of two nursing interventions in endoscopy without sedation. Enfermería Global [Revista en internet], 12(4), 41-50.†https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.12.4.170561.

    [10] Gebbensleben, B., & Rohde, H., (2012). Anxiety before gastrointestinal endoscopy is a significant problem, Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 115(41):1539-44. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1065188.

    [11] Ghonaem, S. E. S., & Ibrahim, S. R. (2019). The effectiveness of behavioral intervention on anxiety and distress levels among upper gastroscopy patients. Am. J. Nurs. Res, 7, 58-64.

    [12] Gikas, A., & Triantafillidis, J. K. (2014). The role of primary care physicians in early diagnosis and treatment of chronic gastrointestinal diseases. International journal of general medicine, 7, 159.†https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S58888.

    [13] Jones MP, Ebert CC, Sloan T, et al. Patient anxiety and elective gastrointestinal endoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004 Jan; 38(1):35-40. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-200401000-00009.

    [14] Kivimäki, M., & Steptoe, A. (2018). Effects of stress on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 15(4), 215.†https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2017.189.

    [15] Kurtluturkan, S., Gorgulu, U., Fesci, H., & Karavelioglu, A. (2010). The effects of providing pre- gastrointestinal endoscopy writ-ten educational material on patients, anxiety: A randomized control trail. international journal of nursing studies, 47(9), 1066-1073. 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.01.007.

    [16] Kwon, Young-Eun1 · Kim, Bun-Han, 2013: The Effects of Video-audio Information Provision on Physical Discomfort, Anxiety, and Nursing Satisfaction of the Clients for Gastroscopy Korean J Adult Nurs Vol. 25 No. 2, 231-239, April 2013. https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2013.25.2.231.

    [17] Lee, Ju-Yeon, Min-Whon Anhn, Eun-Tae Kim, Dae-Hyun Kim, Hyuk-Jung Kweon, Dong-Yung Cho, and Hyung Moon Yoon. "The effect of preparatory education program on discomfort and retching of examinees during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy." Korean journal of family medicine 33, no. 4 (2012): 219. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.4.219.

    [18] Kamyabi, N., Nakhaei, M., Nasiri, A., Akbari, E., & Sharifzadeh, G. (2016). Effects of video-and pamphlet-based patient educations on anxiety and satisfaction among candidates for gastroscopy. Modern Care Journal, 13(2).†https://doi.org/10.17795/modernc.10647.

    [19] Kloostra, P. W., Eber, R. M., & Inglehart, M. R. (2007). Anxiety, stress, depression, and patients' responses to periodontal treatment: periodontists' knowledge and professional behavior. Journal of periodontology, 78(1), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.060069.

    [20] Lovibond, S.H. &Lovibond, P.F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety & Stress Scales. 2 nd Ed. Sydney: Psychology Foundation. https://doi.org/10.1037/t01004-000.

    [21] Maguire a, J.C Deirdre. Walsh a, C.L. Little (2004) The effect of information and behavioral training on endoscopy patients' clinical out-comes Patient Education and Counseling 54 61-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00195-2.

    [22] Mohammed, S. A. (2016). Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge, anxiety state and tolerance for patients with gastrointestinal endoscopy: randomized controlled trial. Life Science Journal, 13(9).

    [23] Mystakidou K, Silikat, papá E, E Katsouda, Galandos A, Vlahos L. 2005.Assessment de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con cánceravanzado y surelación con la calidad de vida. Quality of Life Research, 14 )8): 1825-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-005-4324-3.

    [24] Peixoto, A., Silva, M., Pereira, P., & Macedo, G. (2016). Biopsies in gastrointestinal endoscopy: when and how. GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology, 23(1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpge.2015.07.004.

    [25] Pinar G, Kurt A, Gungor T. The efficacy of preoperative instruction in reducing anxiety following gynaecological surgery: a case control study. World journal of surgical oncology 2011; 9:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-9-38.

    [26] Sayah, M. (2013). Endoscopy and nursing cares. Site of nurse of the hospital of Ghaemshahr http://ghaemnursing.persianblog.ir/post/656.

    [27] Seda, P. E. H. L., Van, N. O, Mehmet Koruk, Y. P., Van, O. O., & Gulfien, M. T. (2011). Effect of providing information to the patient about upper gastrointestinal endoscopy on the patient's perception, compliance and anxiety level associated with the procedure. Turk J Gastroenterol, 22(1), 10 https://doi.org/10.4318/tjg.2011.0150.

    [28] Shaban, F. M., & Ghadery, S. H. (2018). Clinical Teaching Competences of Nursing Demonstrators at Faculty of Nursing Post Intervention program. Tanta Scientific Nursing Journal, 14(2), 32-55.†https://doi.org/10.21608/tsnj.2018.69017.

    [29] Reeve, K. L., Shumaker, C. J., Yearwood, E. L., Crowell, N. A., & Riley, J. B. (2013). Perceived stress and social support in undergraduate nursing students' educational experiences. Nurse education today, 33(4), 419-424. †https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2012.11.009.

    [30] Shekari, R., & Salehi, S. (2016). Review of the Impact of Nursing Care before Endoscopy on Anxiety and Stress and Depression and Pain of the Elderly Patients Visiting Esfahan's Al-Zahra Hospital in 2015. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 5(5), 164-172. https://www.ijmrhs.com/abstract/review-of-the-impact-of-nursing-care-before-endoscopy-on-anxiety-and-stress-and-depression-and-pain-of-the-elderly-patie-3538.

    [31] Thomas, S., & Sugirtha, V. (2015). Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and anxiety of patients undergoing endoscopy at a gastroenterology center of a tertiary care hospital. Anxiety, 1(O3X1), O2X1.†https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30744253.

    [32] Uzbeck M, Quinn C, Saleem I, Cotter P, Gilmartin JJ, O"Keeffe ST. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of standard and de-tailed risk disclosure prior to bronchoscopy on peri-procedure anxiety and satisfaction. Thorax 2009 Mar; 64(3):224-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2008.101220.

    [33] YeganehKhah, M., Mohammadi, F., Khankah, H., Rahgozar, M. (2008). The impact of back massage with the slow stroke method on the anxiety of the elderly. Rehabilitation, 8)3): 14-20. http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.html.

Downloads

How to Cite

Refaat Alam, R., & Ibrahim Elemam Elashri, N. (2020). Effectiveness of nursing interventions on level of anxiety, stress, and depression of elderly patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 9(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v9i1.30560

Received date: March 25, 2020

Accepted date: April 19, 2020

Published date: May 7, 2020